Modelling the impacts of new diagnostic tools for TB in developing countries

Different diagnostic strategies for tuberculosis (TB) may vary in cost-effectiveness based on local factors such as prevalence of HIV, drug resistance, and access to health facilities.

The discrete-event simulation (DES) tool helps assess diagnostic methods, particularly for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), at central reference facilities.

DES is useful for policymakers to evaluate the impact of TB diagnostic tools in resource-limited settings, enhancing decision-making processes.

Incorporating a disease transmission component into the DES enhances the model’s predictive capabilities, providing insights into TB incidence and its effects on health system and patient outcomes.

A visual and interactive DES tool aids national policymakers in validating diagnostic strategies, exploring new approaches, and engaging with simulation outcomes effectively.[1]

Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) are more likely to experience poor glycemic control, increased frequency of infections, and a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity. Independent risk factors for concurrent T2DM and PTB include lymphopenia, smoking, a history of TB exposure, and poor glycemic control. Conversely, being overweight or obese is associated with a reduced risk of concurrent PTB in patients with T2DM.[2]

References:

1. Langley, I., Doulla, B., Lin, H.H., Millington, K. and Squire, B., 2012. Modelling the impacts of new diagnostic tools for tuberculosis in developing countries to enhance policy decisions. Health care management science, 15, pp.239-253. [TB0044]

2. Shi H, Yuan Y, Li X, Li YF, Fan L, Yang XM. Analysis of the influencing factors and clinical related characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(2): 196-208.