Nutritional status in patients with TB and DM

Patel, D.G., Baral, T., Kurian, S.J., Malakapogu, P., Saravu, K. and Miraj, S.S., 2024. Nutritional status in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: A comparative observational study. Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 35, p.100428.

Cardiovascular disease prevalence was highest in the DM group, followed by the TB-DM group. Anaemia was more prevalent in the TB-DM group. Smoking and alcohol use were most common in the TB group, followed by the TB-DM group.

See also: TB and kidney function impairment

In the TB-DM group, HbA1c levels indicated poor diabetic control (10.47%), higher than in the DM group (8.17%). FBS was also above normal in the TB-DM group, followed by the DM group. Although there were no significant differences in nutritional parameters like albumin, globulin, and total proteins, vitamin B12 levels were highest in the TB-DM group. Notably, 95.83% of patients in the TB-DM group had HbA1c > 6.5, with similarly high FBS and RBS levels.

See also: TB control in China

A large percentage of patients with low serum albumin was found in the TB group (71.91%). Vitamin D deficiency was most prevalent in the TB-DM group (73.68%), followed by the DM group (50%) and the TB group (42.86%). Additionally, 66.67% of patients in the TB-DM group had elevated vitamin B12 levels (>2000 pg/ml). The TB-DM group showed significantly elevated glycemic parameters compared to the TB and DM groups. While nutritional deficiencies like low serum albumin and vitamin D were observed in the TB-DM group, they were not statistically significant. The TB-DM group also had a higher prevalence of low MCV and MCH, indicating an increased risk of anemia.

See also: Spatial information for TB

The conclusion is that the TB-DM group exhibits a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, anemia, and poor glycemic control compared to the DM and TB groups individually. Although nutritional deficiencies, such as low serum albumin and vitamin D deficiency, were observed more frequently in the TB-DM group, these were not statistically significant. The combination of TB and diabetes mellitus appears to exacerbate both metabolic and nutritional challenges, leading to increased health risks, particularly anemia and poor diabetes management.

 

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