The association between TB–HIV coinfection and DR-TB treatment failure

Who

The study included 4,261 drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients aged 15 years or older who were diagnosed, treated, and recorded in the Indonesian Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) during 2022–2023. Among them, 153 patients had TB–HIV coinfection and 4,108 did not. Patients who were lost to follow-up (1,051 cases) were excluded.

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What

The study examined the association between TB–HIV coinfection and DR-TB treatment failure. The findings showed that TB–HIV coinfection was significantly associated with a higher risk of treatment failure. After adjusting for age, patients with TB–HIV coinfection had a 2.3 times higher risk of DR-TB treatment failure compared with patients without TB–HIV coinfection.

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When

Data were collected from the 2022–2023 SITB database, with treatment outcomes evaluated up to 2023, accounting for the long duration of DR-TB treatment (up to 20 months).

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Where

The study was conducted in Indonesia, using nationwide data from the Indonesian Tuberculosis Information System (SITB).

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Why

The research aimed to address the limited evidence on whether TB–HIV coinfection contributes to DR-TB treatment failure in Indonesia, while controlling for important confounding factors such as age, TB–DM coinfection, sex, and type of anti-tuberculosis drug regimen.

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How

An observational analytic retrospective cohort design was used with secondary data from SITB. DR-TB diagnosis was based on Xpert MTB/RIF testing. HIV status was determined using HIV rapid tests, and TB–DM coinfection was assessed using rapid blood glucose tests. Treatment outcomes were categorized into treatment failure and treatment success. Statistical analyses included bivariate analysis, stratified analysis, homogeneity testing, and multivariable logistic regression to identify confounders and calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs).

Source: Laili, F., Ronoatmodjo, S. and Murtiani, F., 2024. Ko-Infeksi TB-HIV terhadap Kegagalan Pengobatan Pasien Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat di Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10(2), pp.153-165.