Diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with a higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) recurrence, particularly in men. TB recurrence peaked two years after successful treatment, with a shorter time to recurrence in patients with DM. The association between DM and recurrent TB was significant in men but not in women, who exhibited a lower rate of recurrence.
See also: https://tbreadingnotes.blogspot.com/2024/08/the-interaction-of-diabetes-and.html
Smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could act as confounding factors. It is hypothesized that impaired host immunity in DM patients, combined with smoking in men, may contribute to increased TB severity and slower microbiological responses. We could not identify a plausible explanation for the differing effects of DM on TB recurrence by sex, especially regarding DM control status. The lack of detailed information on DM severity (e.g., hemoglobin A1c levels) and treatment may have influenced our findings, as poorly controlled DM can exacerbate TB severity and recurrence.
See also: https://tbreadingnotes.blogspot.com/2024/08/the-effect-of-diabetic-control-status.html
Source: Eksombatchai, D., Jeong, D., Mok, J., Jeon, D., Kang, H.Y., Kim, H.J., Kim, H.S., Choi, H. and Kang, Y.A., 2023. Sex differences in the impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis recurrence: a retrospective national cohort study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 127, pp.1-10.
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