Kirimi, E.M., Muthuri, G.G., Ngari, C.G. and Karanja, S., 2024. A Model for the Propagation and Control of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Disease in Kenya. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2024(1), p.5883142.
Kirimi, E.M., Muthuri, G.G., Ngari, C.G. and Karanja, S., 2024. A Model for the Propagation and Control of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Disease in Kenya. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2024(1), p.5883142.
Lestari, B.W., Nijman, G., Larasmanah, A., Soeroto, A.Y., Santoso, P., Alisjahbana, B., Chaidir, L., Andriyoko, B., Van Crevel, R. and Hill, P.C., 2024. Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Indonesia: a four-year cascade of care analysis. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, 22:100294.
·
Current
smoking is associated with a twofold increase in active TB risk compared to
never-smokers, with the risk escalating based on the number of cigarettes,
years of smoking, and pack-years.
·
Smoking
accounts for 17% of TB cases in the studied population, highlighting its
significant contribution to TB incidence.
·
The
risk of TB is higher in current smokers than in former smokers, suggesting a
reduced hazard among those who quit smoking.
·
The
risk of smoking-related TB is greater in individuals under 65, potentially due
to early depletion of susceptible populations among older smokers.
·
Smoking
impairs key pulmonary defense mechanisms, increasing susceptibility to TB upon
exposure to the pathogen.
Baker, M.A., Lin, H.H., Chang, H.Y. and Murray, M.B., 2012. The risk of tuberculosis disease among persons with diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 54(6), pp.818-825.
Background: Evidence suggests a causal link between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis risk. However, to date, few studies have used a prospective design to estimate the impact of diabetes on tuberculosis in a general population. In this study, we prospectively investigated the risk of tuberculosis among persons with diabetes stratified by severity.
Methods: A cohort study was performed involving 17,715 Taiwanese persons, on whom baseline data were collected during Taiwan’s 2001 National Health Interview Survey. Participants’ subsequent medical care until December 2004 was captured from the National Health Insurance database. The diagnosis and severity of diabetes were established using self-reports, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and pharmacy records; incident tuberculosis disease was identified using these codes and pharmacy records. Covariates were obtained through in-person interviews. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to measure the association between tuberculosis and both diabetes and diabetes severity.
Results: Diabetes in general and treated diabetes were significantly associated with tuberculosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.09 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.10–3.95] and 2.60 [95% CI, 1.34–5.03], respectively). Compared with persons without treated diabetes, participants' risk of tuberculosis increased as the number of complications of diabetes mellitus increased (P = .0016), with a greater than 3-fold risk among those with ≥2 diabetes-related complications (odds ratio, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.59–7.50). Similarly, the risk increased among those with higher Diabetes Complications Severity Index scores (P = .0002).
Conclusions: The risk of developing tuberculosis increased among those with increasing diabetes severity.
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Wulandari, D.A., Hartati, Y.W., Ibrahim, A.U. and Pitaloka, D.A.E., 2024. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clinica Chimica Acta, 559, p.119701.
Classification of Drug-Resistant TB
Rifampicin:
Isoniazid:
Ethambutol:
Pyrazinamide:
MDR-TB Detection:
Diabetes and TB Incidence Korea's National Health Insurance Data Analysis : Diabetic individuals exhibit a 48% increased risk of tubercu...